The science of the self is a school developed and presented by Dr. Mustafa Merter and derives its power largely from Sufism. In this approach, which is formed by the synthesis of ancient Sufi teachings and some basic concepts specific to dynamic psychology, the self is symbolically described as a country governed by a ruler with a system of laws. According to Sufism, the self never dies, but it can be reined in. Understanding the nature of human being, who was created to know and to be with God, is possible only by knowing the “self”. According to Merter, the self is a semi-independent system of divine origin, governed by intelligent laws, and has the potential for self-correction. The science of the self, which approaches humans from the perspective of Sufism, is currently experiencing the most perfect period of its twenty-five-year adventure. The purpose of this article is to try to evaluate Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s story Abdullah Efendi’nin Rüyaları, published in 1941, through the basic concepts and principles of this school. This analysis discusses the dreams in the story through the lens of the science of the self, a field that attributes significant importance to dream analysis. The aim of this article, which blends literature and Sufism, is to show that literary works can be analyzed through the framework of the science of the self.